Loading...
Loading...
এই পরীক্ষায় এই টপিক থেকে ১টি প্রশ্ন।
Options: (ক) Security ✓ • (খ) Standardization • (গ) Software • (ঘ) Sense
HTTPS = HTTP + Secure (SSL/TLS) — data-in-transit encryption।
| বৈশিষ্ট্য | HTTP | HTTPS |
|---|---|---|
| Full form | HyperText Transfer Protocol | HTTP Secure |
| Port | 80 | 443 |
| Encryption | নেই (plaintext) | আছে (SSL/TLS) |
| Speed | তুলনামূলক দ্রুত | কিছুটা ধীর (encryption overhead) |
| SEO | কম গুরুত্ব | Google ranks higher |
| Browser indication | http:// (insecure warning) | https:// 🔒 padlock |
Working Principle:
| Protocol | Full Form | Purpose | Port |
|---|---|---|---|
| HTTP | HyperText Transfer Protocol | Web | 80 |
| HTTPS | HTTP Secure | Secure web | 443 |
| FTP | File Transfer Protocol | File transfer | 21 |
| SFTP | Secure FTP | Secure file transfer | 22 |
| SMTP | Simple Mail Transfer Protocol | Sending email | 25, 587 |
| POP3 | Post Office Protocol v3 | Receiving email | 110 |
| IMAP | Internet Message Access Protocol | Email (server-stored) | 143 |
| DNS | Domain Name System | Name → IP | 53 |
| DHCP | Dynamic Host Configuration | Auto IP assign | 67, 68 |
| SSH | Secure Shell | Remote login | 22 |
| Telnet | Telnet | Remote login (insecure) | 23 |
| SNMP | Simple Network Mgmt Protocol | Network management | 161 |
| NTP | Network Time Protocol | Time sync | 123 |
https://www.example.com:443/path/to/page?query=value#fragment
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ └─ Fragment
│ │ │ │ └─ Query string
│ │ │ └─ Path
│ │ └─ Port (default 443)
│ └─ Domain name
└─ Protocol/Scheme
| Web Browser | Web Server | |
|---|---|---|
| Role | Client (request) | Server (respond) |
| Examples | Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge | Apache, Nginx, IIS |
| Renders | HTML, CSS, JavaScript | Stores & serves files |
| Event | Year |
|---|---|
| ARPANET (Internet predecessor) | 1969 |
| Email invented (Ray Tomlinson) | 1971 |
| TCP/IP standardized | 1983 |
| World Wide Web (Tim Berners-Lee, CERN) | 1989 |
| First website | 1991 |
| Google search engine | 1998 |
| 2004 | |
| YouTube | 2005 |
| 2006 | |
| iPhone (mobile web era) | 2007 |
| Web | বৈশিষ্ট্য | যুগ |
|---|---|---|
| Web 1.0 | Read-only, static pages | 1991–2004 |
| Web 2.0 | Read-write, user-generated content, social media | 2004–present |
| Web 3.0 | Decentralized, blockchain, AI, semantic web | emerging |
| Tech | Purpose |
|---|---|
| HTML | structure of web pages |
| CSS | styling, layout |
| JavaScript | interactivity, dynamic behavior |
| AJAX | async data fetch |
| JSON / XML | data formats |
| REST API | web service architecture |
| GraphQL | flexible API query |
| WebSocket | real-time bidirectional communication |
ইন্টারনেট ও ওয়েব — মূল লেকচার শিট — Internet vs WWW পার্থক্য, সব ১৫+ গুরুত্বপূর্ণ Internet protocols (HTTP/HTTPS/FTP/SMTP/POP3/IMAP/SSH/DNS/DHCP), URL anatomy, DNS hierarchy, Web browsers ও Web servers, HTML/CSS/JS basics, Web 1.0/2.0/3.0 evolution, এবং বাংলাদেশের internet ইতিহাস।