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এই পরীক্ষায় এই টপিক থেকে ১টি প্রশ্ন — gerund বনাম participle বনাম verbal noun।
Options: (ক) participle • (খ) infinitive • (গ) gerund ✓ • (ঘ) verbal noun
'It is no good/no use + V-ing' — V-ing form হলো gerund (verbal noun হিসেবে কাজ করে — clause-এর real subject)।
| Form | চেনার চাবি | উদাহরণ |
|---|---|---|
| Gerund | Noun-এর কাজ করে (subject/object); কোনো determiner বা adjective লাগে না | Swimming is fun • I enjoy reading |
| Participle | Adjective-এর কাজ করে; কোনো noun-কে modify করে | The running water; the broken vase |
| Verbal Noun | পুরোপুরি noun; determiner ('the/a') + V-ing | The falling of leaves makes me sad |
| Infinitive | 'to + V1' form | I want to swim |
'It is no good falling in love' —
Test: যদি verbal noun হতো — 'It is no good the falling of love' (determiner + of) — উদ্ভট। তাই gerund।
| Pattern | উদাহরণ |
|---|---|
| It is no good + V-ing | It is no good crying over spilt milk |
| It is no use + V-ing | It is no use trying |
| Can't help + V-ing | I can't help laughing |
| Look forward to + V-ing | I look forward to meeting you |
| Be used to + V-ing | I am used to working late |
| Mind/avoid/enjoy/finish/admit/deny + V-ing | He enjoys reading |
| Prefer + V-ing to + V-ing | I prefer reading to writing |
Right Form of Verbs — মূল লেকচার শিট — verb form-এর ১০টি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ rule: modal verbs + V1, after 'to' → V1, after preposition → V-ing, gerund-only verbs (enjoy/avoid/mind/finish), infinitive-only verbs (want/wish/decide), causative verbs (make/let/have/get), 'would rather/had better' + V1, 'It's high time' + Past, 'as if/as though' + Past, 'No sooner...than/Scarcely...when' + Past Perfect।