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এই পরীক্ষায় এই টপিক থেকে ২টি প্রশ্ন — As You Like It (Jaques) ও Sonnet 116।
Options: (ক) Oliver • (খ) Orlando • (গ) Jaques ✓ • (ঘ) Rosalind
Jaques — Forest of Arden-এর melancholy philosopher; Act II, Scene VII-এর famous 'All the world's a stage' speech তাঁরই।
| বয়স/পর্যায় | বর্ণনা |
|---|---|
| ১. Infant | Mewling and puking in the nurse's arms |
| ২. Schoolboy | Creeping like snail unwillingly to school |
| ৩. Lover | Sighing like furnace |
| ৪. Soldier | Bearded like the pard, jealous in honor |
| ৫. Justice | Fair round belly with good capon lined |
| ৬. Lean and slippered pantaloon | Spectacles on nose, voice piping |
| ৭. Second childishness | Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything |
বিখ্যাত উদ্বোধনী পংক্তি: 'All the world's a stage, / And all the men and women merely players.'
| চরিত্র | ভূমিকা |
|---|---|
| Rosalind | নায়িকা, Duke Senior-এর কন্যা; পুরুষ-বেশে Ganymede |
| Orlando | নায়ক, Rosalind-এর প্রেমিক |
| Oliver | Orlando-এর কুটিল বড় ভাই |
| Jaques | Melancholy philosopher; 7 Ages-এর speech |
| Touchstone | Court jester (clown) |
| Duke Senior | Banished Duke (Rosalind-এর বাবা) |
Options: (ক) Spencer • (খ) Petrarch • (গ) Shakespeare ✓ • (ঘ) Donne
Shakespeare's Sonnet 116 — সত্যিকার ভালোবাসার অপরিবর্তনীয়তার গান।
'Let me not to the marriage of true minds / Admit impediments. Love is not love / Which alters when it alteration finds...'
'Love is an ever-fixed mark, / That looks on tempests and is never shaken; / It is the star to every wand'ring bark...'
'Love's not Time's fool... / Love alters not with his brief hours and weeks, / But bears it out even to the edge of doom.'
| তথ্য | বিবরণ |
|---|---|
| মোট sonnets | 154 |
| প্রকাশকাল | 1609 |
| Structure | 14 lines, iambic pentameter; rhyme scheme ABAB CDCD EFEF GG |
| Three quatrains + final couplet | 'Shakespearean/English Sonnet' form |
| Sonnets 1–126 | To the 'Fair Youth' (a young man) |
| Sonnets 127–152 | To the 'Dark Lady' |
| Sonnets 153–154 | Adaptations of Greek epigrams |
| Sonnet # | Opening line | Theme |
|---|---|---|
| 18 | 'Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?' | Immortality of beauty through poetry |
| 29 | 'When in disgrace with fortune and men's eyes' | Despair to joy |
| 73 | 'That time of year thou mayst in me behold' | Aging and mortality |
| 116 | 'Let me not to the marriage of true minds' | True love is unchanging |
| 130 | 'My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun' | Anti-Petrarchan praise |
| Form | Structure | Origin |
|---|---|---|
| Petrarchan (Italian) | Octave (8) + Sestet (6); ABBA ABBA + CDECDE | Petrarch (14th c.) |
| Shakespearean (English) | 3 Quatrains + Couplet; ABAB CDCD EFEF GG | Shakespeare |
| Spenserian | 3 Quatrains + Couplet; ABAB BCBC CDCD EE (interlocking) | Edmund Spenser |
| Miltonic | Petrarchan structure, no volta | John Milton |
| Author | পরিচয় |
|---|---|
| Spenser (Edmund) | 'Amoretti' (89 sonnets); Spenserian sonnet form |
| Petrarch | Italian poet (1304–1374); সabnet-এর জনক |
| Shakespeare | English sonnet; Sonnet 116 |
| John Donne | Metaphysical poet; 'Holy Sonnets' (death, faith) |
Tragedies (BCS Must-Know):
| Play | Famous line/Theme |
|---|---|
| Hamlet | 'To be or not to be, that is the question' |
| Macbeth | 'Fair is foul and foul is fair' (witches) |
| Othello | জেলাসি; Iago (villain), Desdemona |
| King Lear | 'Nothing will come of nothing' |
| Romeo and Juliet | Star-crossed lovers; 'What's in a name?' |
| Julius Caesar | 'Et tu, Brute?' / 'Cowards die many times' |
Comedies (BCS Must-Know):
| Play | Famous line/Element |
|---|---|
| As You Like It | 'All the world's a stage' (Jaques, Act II.vii) |
| The Merchant of Venice | Shylock; 'pound of flesh'; 'The quality of mercy is not strained' |
| A Midsummer Night's Dream | Love + magic + fairies |
| Twelfth Night | Mistaken identity; Viola |
| The Tempest | Shakespeare's last; Prospero, Caliban |
| Much Ado About Nothing | Beatrice & Benedick |
| Quote | Play |
|---|---|
| To be or not to be | Hamlet |
| All the world's a stage | As You Like It |
| Frailty, thy name is woman | Hamlet |
| Et tu, Brute? | Julius Caesar |
| Fair is foul and foul is fair | Macbeth |
| The quality of mercy is not strained | The Merchant of Venice |
| Cowards die many times before their deaths | Julius Caesar |
| What's in a name? | Romeo and Juliet |
| Brevity is the soul of wit | Hamlet |
| Sweet are the uses of adversity | As You Like It |
| Love is blind | The Merchant of Venice |
Shakespeare — মূল লেকচার শিট — Shakespeare-এর জীবন (Stratford-upon-Avon, Globe Theatre), ৩৭টি plays-এর শ্রেণিভিত্তিক তালিকা (10 Tragedies, 17 Comedies, 10 Histories), 154 sonnets-এর গঠন ও থিম (Fair Youth/Dark Lady), ১০০+ famous quotations ও তাদের play-source, character-archetypes (villains, heroines, fools), এবং BCS-favourite tricky Shakespeare-questions।