Loading...
Loading...
এই পরীক্ষায় এই টপিক থেকে ২টি প্রশ্ন — E.M. Forster ও Samuel Beckett।
Options: (ক) Shadow of the Moon by MM Kaye • (খ) Bhowani Junction by John Masters • (গ) Kim by Rudyard Kipling • (ঘ) A Passage to India by EM Forster ✓
A Passage to India (E.M. Forster, 1924) — colonial India-তে British-Indian সম্পর্কের চূড়ান্ত nuanced চিত্র; বর্ণবাদ, ক্ষমতার অপব্যবহার, সাংস্কৃতিক অপারপারতা।
| তথ্য | বিবরণ |
|---|---|
| লেখক | E.M. Forster (1879–1970) |
| প্রকাশকাল | 1924 |
| Setting | Colonial India, fictional Chandrapore |
| প্রধান চরিত্র | Dr. Aziz (Indian Muslim doctor), Mrs. Moore, Adela Quested, Cyril Fielding, Professor Godbole |
| Central event | Adela-র Marabar Caves accusation against Aziz |
| Themes | Racial prejudice, colonial power, friendship across cultures, mystery of India |
| Famous closing | 'No, not yet... No, not there.' (Aziz ও Fielding-এর বন্ধুত্ব ব্রিটিশ-শাসিত ভারতে অসম্ভব) |
| Novel | Author | Setting |
|---|---|---|
| Shadow of the Moon | M.M. Kaye | 1857 Sepoy Mutiny |
| Bhowani Junction | John Masters | Anglo-Indian post-Partition |
| Kim | Rudyard Kipling | Great Game, Tibet/India |
| A Passage to India | E.M. Forster | Colonial India racial tensions |
Kipling-এর Kim-ও colonial India-কে দেখায়, কিন্তু sympathetic-imperialist দৃষ্টিকোণ থেকে; Forster-এর A Passage to India-ই বর্ণবাদ ও power-imbalance-এর critique।
Options: (ক) Pygmalion • (খ) The Skin Game • (গ) Waiting for Godot ✓ • (ঘ) Candida
Waiting for Godot (Samuel Beckett, 1953) — Theatre of the Absurd-এর landmark; Vladimir + Estragon চক্রাকার অর্থহীন কথোপকথন করে।
| তথ্য | বিবরণ |
|---|---|
| লেখক | Samuel Beckett (1906–1989, Irish) |
| প্রকাশকাল | French: 1952; English: 1954 |
| Genre | Theatre of the Absurd, Tragicomedy |
| Acts | 2 (almost identical structure) |
| Setting | A country road, a tree (only) |
| প্রধান চরিত্র | Vladimir (Didi), Estragon (Gogo), Pozzo, Lucky, A Boy |
| Plot | দুই tramps Godot-এর জন্য অপেক্ষা করে — Godot কখনো আসে না |
| Nobel Prize | Beckett — 1969 (Literature) |
'A play in which nothing happens, twice.' — Vivian Mercier (critic)
চরিত্ররা নিজেদের নাম ভুলে যায়, কথা পুনরাবৃত্তি করে, একই কাজ দ্বিতীয় act-এ পুনরাবৃত্তি — সবই Absurdism-এর key device।
| Play | Author | Genre |
|---|---|---|
| Pygmalion | George Bernard Shaw | Social comedy (1913) |
| The Skin Game | John Galsworthy | Social drama (1920) |
| Waiting for Godot | Samuel Beckett | Absurdist tragicomedy |
| Candida | G.B. Shaw | Social comedy (1894) |
| Feature | বিবরণ |
|---|---|
| Origin | Post-WWII (1940s-50s) |
| Coined by | Martin Esslin (1961, book) |
| Theme | Meaninglessness of human existence |
| Style | Repetition, circular plots, nonsensical dialogue, character forgetfulness |
| Major playwrights | Beckett, Ionesco, Genet, Pinter |
| Influences | Existentialism (Sartre, Camus), Dadaism, Surrealism |
| Play | Playwright | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Waiting for Godot | Beckett | 1953 |
| Endgame | Beckett | 1957 |
| The Bald Soprano | Ionesco | 1950 |
| Rhinoceros | Ionesco | 1959 |
| The Birthday Party | Harold Pinter | 1957 |
| The Caretaker | Pinter | 1960 |
| The Maids | Jean Genet | 1947 |
| Author | Major Work | Nobel Prize |
|---|---|---|
| T.S. Eliot | The Waste Land, Murder in the Cathedral | 1948 |
| W.B. Yeats | The Second Coming, Easter 1916 | 1923 |
| G.B. Shaw | Pygmalion, Saint Joan | 1925 |
| Samuel Beckett | Waiting for Godot | 1969 |
| Rudyard Kipling | The Jungle Book, Kim | 1907 |
| Ernest Hemingway | The Old Man and the Sea | 1954 |
| William Golding | Lord of the Flies | 1983 |
| Bertrand Russell | History of Western Philosophy | 1950 |
| Winston Churchill | History | 1953 |
| V.S. Naipaul | A House for Mr Biswas | 2001 |
Modern English Literature — মূল লেকচার শিট — Modernism-এর বৈশিষ্ট্য (fragmentation, stream of consciousness, mythical method), War Poets (Wilfred Owen, Siegfried Sassoon), Theatre of the Absurd (Beckett, Ionesco, Pinter), Modern Novel (Joyce, Woolf, Forster, Orwell, Golding, Hemingway), Nobel Prize winners-এর তালিকা, এবং post-WWII literary movements।