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এই পরীক্ষায় এই টপিক থেকে ৩টি প্রশ্ন — Swift's Gulliver, Wordsworth's poetics quote, Edward Fitzgerald's Rubaiyat।
Options: (ক) pride • (খ) lies • (গ) peace & wisdom ✓ • (ঘ) silly rules
Swift-এর Lilliput = ক্ষুদ্রতা, অহঙ্কার, মিথ্যা ও হাস্যকর নিয়মের satire — কিন্তু কখনই 'wise/peaceful' নয়।
| Book | দেশ | বিষয় | Allegory |
|---|---|---|---|
| I. Lilliput | ক্ষুদ্রজাতি (6-inch tall) | পরিজনিত petty politics, court intrigue | English court politics |
| II. Brobdingnag | বৃহৎজাতি (giants) | Brutality of mankind seen close-up | Mankind's grossness |
| III. Laputa | উড়ন্ত দ্বীপ | Foolish scholars, useless science | Royal Society parody |
| IV. Houyhnhnms | বুদ্ধিমান ঘোড়া | Yahoos (degraded humans) vs rational horses | Misanthropy |
| তথ্য | বিবরণ |
|---|---|
| জন্ম–মৃত্যু | 1667–1745 |
| Nationality | Irish (Anglo-Irish) |
| Period | Augustan/Neoclassical (18th c.) |
| বিখ্যাত কাজ | Gulliver's Travels (1726), A Modest Proposal (1729), A Tale of a Tub |
| Style | Satire, irony, savage indignation |
| Epitaph | 'Where savage indignation can no longer tear his heart' |
Options: (ক) Coleridge • (খ) William Wordsworth ✓ • (গ) TS Eliot • (ঘ) IA Richards
Wordsworth-এর 1800 Preface to Lyrical Ballads — Romantic poetics-এর ভিত্তিপ্রস্তর সংজ্ঞা।
'Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility...'
| Critic | বিখ্যাত সংজ্ঞা | কোন বইতে? |
|---|---|---|
| Wordsworth | 'Spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings...' | Preface to Lyrical Ballads (1800) |
| Coleridge | 'Best words in best order' (poetry); 'willing suspension of disbelief' (drama) | Biographia Literaria (1817) |
| Matthew Arnold | 'Criticism of life'; touchstone method | The Study of Poetry |
| T.S. Eliot | 'Escape from emotion'; 'objective correlative'; 'tradition and the individual talent' | Selected Essays |
| I.A. Richards | 'Pseudo-statement'; practical criticism | Principles of Literary Criticism |
| Aristotle | 'Imitation of an action' (mimesis); catharsis | Poetics |
| Sidney | 'A speaking picture' | An Apology for Poetry |
Options: (ক) Scott Fitzgerald • (খ) Edward Fitzgerald ✓ • (গ) William Fitzgerald • (ঘ) Gerald Fitzgerald
Edward Fitzgerald (1809–1883) — Persian poet Omar Khayyam-এর 'Rubaiyat'-এর English translator (1859)।
'A Book of Verses underneath the Bough, A Jug of Wine, a Loaf of Bread—and Thou Beside me singing in the Wilderness— Oh, Wilderness were Paradise enow!'
| তথ্য | বিবরণ |
|---|---|
| মূল কবি | Omar Khayyam (1048–1131, Persian) |
| English translator | Edward Fitzgerald |
| প্রথম সংস্করণ | 1859 |
| Form | Rubaiyat (Persian quatrain — AABA rhyme) |
| Theme | Carpe diem, mortality, wine-and-love |
| Original language | Persian (Farsi) |
| Name | পরিচয় |
|---|---|
| Edward Fitzgerald ✓ | Rubaiyat translator |
| F. Scott Fitzgerald | American novelist (The Great Gatsby, This Side of Paradise) |
| William/Gerald Fitzgerald | কাল্পনিক/অসংশ্লিষ্ট নাম |
| Translation | Translator | Original |
|---|---|---|
| Iliad / Odyssey | Alexander Pope | Homer (Greek) |
| Aeneid | John Dryden | Virgil (Latin) |
| Rubaiyat | Edward Fitzgerald | Omar Khayyam (Persian) |
| Bhagavad Gita | Edwin Arnold | Sanskrit |
| Dante's Inferno (verse) | Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Robert Pinsky | Italian |
| The Aeneid (modern) | Robert Fagles | Latin |
| Quote | Author |
|---|---|
| 'Knowledge is power' | Francis Bacon |
| 'Man is a political animal' | Aristotle |
| 'I think, therefore I am' | René Descartes |
| 'Government of the people, by the people, for the people' | Abraham Lincoln |
| 'The child is father of the man' | William Wordsworth |
| 'To err is human, to forgive is divine' | Alexander Pope |
| 'Necessity is the mother of invention' | (Plato-attributed proverb) |
| 'The pen is mightier than the sword' | Edward Bulwer-Lytton |
| 'Survival of the fittest' | Herbert Spencer |
| 'I have a dream' | Martin Luther King Jr. |
| 'A thing of beauty is a joy forever' | John Keats |
| 'If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?' | P.B. Shelley |
| 'Water, water, everywhere, nor any drop to drink' | S.T. Coleridge |
| 'Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings' | William Wordsworth |
| 'Sweet are the uses of adversity' | Shakespeare (As You Like It) |
| 'A little learning is a dangerous thing' | Alexander Pope |
| Title | Author |
|---|---|
| Paradise Lost | John Milton |
| Gulliver's Travels | Jonathan Swift |
| Robinson Crusoe | Daniel Defoe |
| Pride and Prejudice | Jane Austen |
| Frankenstein | Mary Shelley |
| The Rime of the Ancient Mariner | S.T. Coleridge |
| A Tale of Two Cities | Charles Dickens |
| Tess of the d'Urbervilles | Thomas Hardy |
| Heart of Darkness | Joseph Conrad |
| The Old Man and the Sea | Ernest Hemingway |
| Animal Farm | George Orwell |
| Lord of the Flies | William Golding |
| Waiting for Godot | Samuel Beckett |
| Murder in the Cathedral / The Waste Land | T.S. Eliot |
| Pygmalion | G.B. Shaw |
| Dr. Faustus | Christopher Marlowe |
| Rubaiyat (English translation) | Edward Fitzgerald |
Famous Quotations, Titles & Authors — মূল লেকচার শিট — ২০০+ 'Who said it?' famous quotations, ১০০+ 'Who wrote it?' title-author pairings, literary translations (Pope's Iliad, Fitzgerald's Rubaiyat), critical pronouncements (Aristotle, Sidney, Wordsworth, Eliot), historical/political famous lines (Lincoln, MLK, Churchill), এবং BCS-favourite tricky attributions।