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এই পরীক্ষায় এই টপিক থেকে ২টি প্রশ্ন — 'Conscientious' বানান ও 'cannon' এর singular-plural দ্বৈত-রূপ।
Options: (a) Conscintious • (b) Consientious • (c) Concientious • (d) Conscientious ✓
'Conscientious' = con + SCIEN + tious. The word 'SCIENCE' is hidden inside — a foolproof memory hook.
CON-SCI-EN-TIOUS
con (with) + scien (knowledge) + tious (full of)
Latin root: conscientia (consciousness, awareness)
Meaning: meticulous, dutiful, careful (showing care to do the right thing)
| Often misspelled | Correct |
|---|---|
| Acommodate | Accommodate (2 c's, 2 m's) |
| Achieve | Achieve (i before e) |
| Adress | Address (2 d's) |
| Conscintious | Conscientious |
| Definately | Definitely |
| Embarass | Embarrass (2 r's, 2 s's) |
| Maintainance | Maintenance |
| Millenium | Millennium (2 n's) |
| Necesary | Necessary |
| Occured | Occurred (2 r's) |
| Posession | Possession (2 s's twice) |
| Privelege | Privilege |
| Recieve | Receive (i before e except after c) |
| Refered | Referred |
| Seperate | Separate |
| Succesful | Successful (2 c's, 2 s's) |
| Untill | Until (one l) |
| Wierd | Weird (e before i — exception!) |
Rule: I before E, except after C, or when sounded like A as in 'neighbor' and 'weigh'.
Options: (a) light • (b) shot • (c) criterion • (d) cannon ✓
'Cannon' has same form for singular AND plural in military usage — 'three cannon were fired'. (Modern 'cannons' is also accepted, but 'cannon' as zero-plural is classic.)
| Word | Notes |
|---|---|
| cannon | military artillery (also 'cannons') |
| deer | always 'deer' (never 'deers') |
| sheep | always 'sheep' |
| fish | usually 'fish' (also 'fishes' for species) |
| aircraft | always 'aircraft' |
| spacecraft | always 'spacecraft' |
| series | always 'series' |
| species | always 'species' |
| trout | always 'trout' |
| salmon | always 'salmon' |
| swine | always 'swine' |
| moose | always 'moose' |
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| Child | Children |
| Foot | Feet |
| Goose | Geese |
| Man | Men |
| Mouse | Mice |
| Ox | Oxen |
| Tooth | Teeth |
| Woman | Women |
| Criterion | Criteria |
| Phenomenon | Phenomena |
| Datum | Data |
| Medium | Media |
| Analysis | Analyses |
| Crisis | Crises |
| Thesis | Theses |
| Axis | Axes |
| Index | Indices/Indexes |
| Vertex | Vertices |
| Cactus | Cacti |
| Focus | Foci |
| Alga | Algae |
| Larva | Larvae |
| Stratum | Strata |
| Bacterium | Bacteria |
| Always plural |
|---|
| scissors |
| trousers |
| pants |
| spectacles/glasses |
| pliers |
| binoculars |
| jeans |
| shorts |
| pyjamas |
| arms (weapons) |
| premises |
| oats |
| Looks plural — but singular |
|---|
| news |
| mathematics |
| physics |
| economics |
| politics |
| ethics |
| measles |
| mumps |
| innings |
Spelling & Commonly Confused Words — মূল লেকচার শিট — 200+ commonly misspelled words, classical spelling rules (i-before-e, double letters, silent letters), zero-plural words, irregular plurals (Latin/Greek/Anglo-Saxon), confused word pairs (affect/effect, principle/principal, stationary/stationery, complement/compliment), and BCS-favourite 80+ spelling questions.