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১টি প্রশ্ন — 'I heard her sing' → passive।
→ She was heard to sing by me ✓
After hear, see, watch, feel, notice, observe + bare infinitive:
→ bare infinitive 'sing' → 'to sing' in passive
Active structure: Subject + perception verb + Object + bare infinitive Passive structure: Object → Subject; perception verb passive; bare infinitive → 'to + verb'
| Tense | Active | Passive |
|---|---|---|
| Simple Present | does | is done |
| Present Continuous | is doing | is being done |
| Present Perfect | has done | has been done |
| Simple Past | did | was done |
| Past Continuous | was doing | was being done |
| Past Perfect | had done | had been done |
| Simple Future | will do | will be done |
| Future Continuous | will be doing | (rarely used) |
| Future Perfect | will have done | will have been done |
| Modal | can do | can be done |
| Active | Passive |
|---|---|
| Let X do Y | Let Y be done (by X) |
| Imperative (Open the door.) | Let the door be opened. |
| People say that X | It is said that X / X is said to be... |
| I heard her sing | She was heard to sing by me |
| He made me do it | I was made to do it by him |
| She let me go | (no smooth passive; use 'I was allowed to go') |
| Did you write it? | Was it written by you? |
Voice Change — মূল লেকচার শিট — All 12 tense voice change, special constructions, causative।