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এই বিশেষ পরীক্ষায় এই টপিক থেকে ১টি প্রশ্ন — '-ing' শব্দ কখন preposition হয় তা চেনা।
Options: (ক) preposition ✓ • (খ) adjective • (গ) adverb • (ঘ) noun
'following' এখানে 'after' অর্থে — 'the wedding' noun phrase-কে শাসন করছে, তাই এটি preposition।
'following' দেখতে participle/verb-এর মতো। কিন্তু আধুনিক ব্যাকরণে কিছু '-ing' শব্দ noun phrase-এর আগে এসে preposition-এর কাজ করে।
noun phrase-এর ঠিক আগে এসে যদি 'after/about/concerning' জাতীয় সম্পর্ক বোঝায়, তবে সেটি preposition।
পরীক্ষা: 'following the wedding'-কে 'after the wedding' দিয়ে বদলানো যায় → following = preposition।
| শব্দ | অর্থ | উদাহরণ |
|---|---|---|
| following | after | He spoke following the meeting |
| including | such as | All paid, including the staff |
| regarding | about | A note regarding your leave |
| concerning | about | News concerning the war |
| considering | in view of | Considering his age, he did well |
| during | throughout | quiet during the class |
| barring | except | Barring rain, we will go |
| বাক্য | ভূমিকা |
|---|---|
| The reception following the wedding | Preposition (= after) |
| The following day was sunny | Adjective (day-কে modify) |
| His following is huge | Noun (= ভক্তদল) |
| The dog is following me | Verb (continuous) |
Prepositions — মূল লেকচার শিট — time prepositions (at/on/in/by/since/for/during), place prepositions (at/on/in/between/among), movement (to/into/onto/towards), '-ing' preposition (following/including/regarding), ১০০+ BCS-frequent prepositional collocations (consist of, agree with/to, accuse of, congratulate on), ও common preposition-mistakes।