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এই টপিক থেকে ১টি প্রশ্ন — universal truth-এর narration।
Options: (a) Moves ✓ • (b) Moved • (c) has moved • (d) will be moving
Indirect/reported speech-এ — সাধারণত reporting verb past tense হলে inner clause-ও past tense-এ যায়। কিন্তু universal/scientific truths এবং habitual facts-এর ক্ষেত্রে এই rule খাটে না।
| Direct | Indirect (correct) |
|---|---|
| Teacher said, 'The earth is round.' | The teacher said that the earth is round. |
| She said, 'Water boils at 100°C.' | She said that water boils at 100°C. |
| He said, 'The sun rises in the east.' | He said that the sun rises in the east. |
The sentence has 'The earth ___ round the sun' — this is a scientific fact, eternally true. So whether 'Teacher said' or 'Teacher says', the inner verb stays as present simple 'moves'.
| Direct (Present) | Indirect (after past reporting verb) |
|---|---|
| I go | He said he went |
| I am going | He said he was going |
| I have gone | He said he had gone |
| I went | He said he had gone |
Narration — মূল লেকচার শিট — Direct ↔ Indirect speech rules, tense changes, pronoun changes, time-place adverbs, reporting verbs (said/told/asked/requested), questions narration, exclamatory & imperative sentences।