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এই পরীক্ষায় এই টপিক থেকে ৩টি প্রশ্ন এসেছে — যা SVA-র গুরুত্ব প্রমাণ করে। 'Each of', 'One of the', SVA-র সংজ্ঞা — তিনটি ভিন্ন দিক।
Options: (ক) Their • (খ) Her • (গ) Whose • (ঘ) his ✓
'Each of' + plural noun → singular pronoun (his / her / its). কারণ 'each' একজন-একজন করে বোঝায়।
| Construction | Pronoun |
|---|---|
| Each of the sons | his |
| Every student | his/her |
| Either of the boys | his |
| Neither of the girls | her |
| None of them | his/their (modern usage allows both) |
Options: (ক) person only • (খ) number, person and gender • (গ) number and person ✓ • (ঘ) number only
Subject-Verb Agreement = verb-টি subject-এর সাথে NUMBER (একবচন/বহুবচন) এবং PERSON (১ম/২য়/৩য়) মিলে যায়। English-এ gender-এ verb পাল্টায় না।
| Subject | Number | Person | Verb |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | singular | 1st | am / have / do |
| You | singular/plural | 2nd | are / have / do |
| He / She | singular | 3rd | is / has / does |
| We | plural | 1st | are / have / do |
| They | plural | 3rd | are / have / do |
| The boys | plural | 3rd | are / have / do |
| ভাষা | Verb পাল্টায় |
|---|---|
| English | শুধুমাত্র Number + Person (Gender-এ পাল্টায় না) |
| বাংলা | Person (১ম/২য়/৩য়) — তুমি যাও, তিনি যান, আমি যাই |
| Hindi | Number + Person + Gender (3-D Agreement!) — Voh jaata hai (he) / Voh jaati hai (she) |
| Arabic | Number + Person + Gender |
তাই English-এর SVA শেখা সহজ — Gender-এর জটিলতা নেই।
অপশন (খ) 'number, person and gender' আকর্ষণীয় ফাঁদ — কারণ অন্য ভাষায় gender যোগ হয়। কিন্তু English-এ NO gender-agreement.
Options: (ক) Recommendation ✓ • (খ) Was • (গ) accepted by • (ঘ) committee
'One of the' + PLURAL noun. তাই 'recommendation' → 'recommendations' হবে।
One of the boys is here. ← plural noun (boys), singular verb (is)
One of the recommendations was accepted.
One of the students has come.
Logic:
অনেক ছাত্র ভাবে — 'recommendation' singular ঠিক আছে, 'was' পরিবর্তন করতে হবে। কিন্তু না — 'one of the recommendations (plural) was (singular for ONE) accepted' — ব্যাকরণে এটাই শুদ্ধ।
| ❌ ভুল | ✅ শুদ্ধ |
|---|---|
| One of the boy is here. | One of the boys is here. |
| One of the recommendation. | One of the recommendations. |
| One of the student. | One of the students. |
| Rule | Example |
|---|---|
| 1. Two subjects joined by 'and' = plural verb | Tom and Jerry are friends. |
| 2. Two subjects joined by 'or/nor' — verb agrees with nearest | Either he or his brothers are going. |
| 3. 'Each/Every/Either/Neither' = singular | Each of them has done it. |
| 4. Collective nouns (team, family) = singular if one unit, plural if individuals | The team is winning. / The team are arguing. |
| 5. 'A number of' = plural; 'The number of' = singular | A number of students are present. / The number of students is 50. |
| 6. 'One of the + plural + singular verb' | One of the books is missing. |
| 7. 'None of' = depends on noun | None of the milk is left. / None of the boys are here. |
| 8. Gerund as subject = singular | Smoking is harmful. |
| 9. Money/time/distance as one quantity = singular | Ten dollars is enough. |
| 10. Plural-looking but singular (news, mathematics) | The news is true. |
| 11. 'There/Here is/are' — verb agrees with the noun after | There are five students. |
| 12. 'As well as/with/together with' — verb agrees with first subject | Rahim, as well as his friends, is going. |
Subject-Verb Agreement — মূল লেকচার শিট — All 25 SVA rules with BCS-style examples, common traps with 'each/either/neither/none/some/all', collective nouns (deep dive), the 'number of' vs 'a number of' distinction, gerund as subject, modern usage updates.